Learn The Amharic Alphabet: With English Pronunciation

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Although it’s entirely possible to learn how to speak Amharic without learning the alphabet, it’s not recommended, not if you’re aiming for fluency, at least.

Learning to read and write in the language will give you a much better understanding of how the words are put together, and it will also make it a lot easier to learn new vocabulary.

And if that wasn’t enough incentive, you should know that the Amharic alphabet is used all across Ethiopia – on shop windows, restaurant menus, newspapers, etc. Put simply, if you don’t know how to read it, you’re going to have a tough time getting by in the country.

What is the Amharic alphabet?

Amharic uses a writing system that’s based on the Ge’ez script, an ancient Ethiopic script that’s also used for a number of other languages in Ethiopia, such as Tigrinya and Tigre.

Is Amharic an abjad?

An abjad is a type of alphabet where each letter represents a consonant sound, with no inherent vowel.

Therefore, Amharic is neither an abjad nor an alphabet but an abugida made up of letters called fidäl. In an abugida, each character represents a consonant+vowel sound, with the vowels being represented by modifying the shape of the consonant glyp.

Is Amharic written left to right?

Yes, Amharic is written from left to right, just like English. In that way, it’s different from other Semitic languages like Arabic and Hebrew.

How many letters are there in the Ethiopian Amharic alphabet?

Due to how the writing system functions, there are over 300 characters/letters in the Amharic alphabet.

Now, this might sound intimidating, and we won’t lie to you, it’ll take a little while to learn them all, but there is a method for learning them that can help to make the process easier.

Learn the basic Amharic letters first

Depending on who you ask, there are between 33 – 37 basic Amharic letters. 4 of them are quite rare, but you should still learn them because it’s best to cover all bases.

These basic letters make up the consonants in the language – they’re the original form of the letter before the vowels are added.

The best way to learn the Amharic alphabet is by focusing on the basic letters first. By learning and getting comfortable with these at the start of your journey, you can slowly introduce yourself to their altered forms, and this way they’ll make more sense.

Now let’s take a look at the letters. We’ve included the rare letters, forms, and punctuation that are often left out of language learning materials. We’ve also split the letters up into sections for easy navigation, and included (rough) English pronunciation for each of them.

Things to note:

On the far left, bolded, is the letter in its basic form
Where you see an apostrophe after a letter, that represents a click

Amharic Letters 1 – 5

h	hu	hi	ha	he	hé	ho
ሀ	ሁ	ሂ	ሃ	ሄ	ህ	ሆ

l	lu	li	la	le	lé	lo
ለ	ሉ	ሊ	ላ	ሌ	ል	ሎ

hh	hhu	hhi	hha	hhe	hhé	hho
ሐ	ሑ	ሒ	ሓ	ሔ	ሕ	ሖ

m	mu	mi	ma	me	mé	mo
መ	ሙ	ሚ	ማ	ሜ	ም	ሞ

sz	szu	szi	sza	sze	szé	szo
ሠ	ሡ	ሢ	ሣ	ሤ	ሥ	ሦ

Amharic Letters 6 – 10

r	ru	ri	ra	re	ré	ro
ረ	ሩ	ሪ	ራ	ሬ	ር	ሮ

s	su	si	sa	se	sé	so
ሰ	ሱ	ሲ	ሳ	ሴ	ስ	ሶ

sh	shu	shi	sha	she	shé	sho
ሸ	ሹ	ሺ	ሻ	ሼ	ሽ	ሾ

q	qu	qi	qa	qe	qé	qo
ቀ	ቁ	ቂ	ቃ	ቄ	ቅ	ቆ

q’h	q’hu	q’hi	q’ha	q’he	q’hé	q’ho
ቐ	ቑ	ቒ	ቓ	ቔ	ቕ	ቖ

Amharic Letters 11 – 15

b	bu	bi	ba	be	bé	bo
በ	ቡ	ቢ	ባ	ቤ	ብ	ቦ

v	vu	vi	va	ve	vé	vo
ቨ	ቩ	ቪ	ቫ	ቬ	ቭ	ቮ

t	tu	ti	ta	te	té	to
ተ	ቱ	ቲ	ታ	ቴ	ት	ቶ

ch	chu	chi	cha	che	ché	cho
ቸ	ቹ	ቺ	ቻ	ቼ	ች	ቾ

h’	h’u	h’i	h’a	h’e	h’é	h’o
ኀ	ኁ	ኂ	ኃ	ኄ	ኅ	ኆ

Amharic Letters 16 – 20

n	nu	ni	na	ne	né	no
ነ	ኑ	ኒ	ና	ኔ	ን	ኖ

ny	nyu	nyi	nya	nye	nyé	nyo
ኘ	ኙ	ኚ	ኛ	ኜ	ኝ	ኞ

a	u	i	aa	e	é	o
አ	ኡ	ኢ	ኣ	ኤ	እ	ኦ

k	ku	ki	ka	ke	ké	ko
ከ	ኩ	ኪ	ካ	ኬ	ክ	ኮ

k’h	k’hu	k’hi	k’ha	k’he	k’hé	k’ho
ኸ	ኹ	ኺ	ኻ	ኼ	ኽ	ኾ

Amharic Letters 21 – 25

w	wu	wi	wa	we	wé	wo
ወ	ዉ	ዊ	ዋ	ዌ	ው	ዎ

a	u	i	aa	e	é	o
ዐ	ዑ	ዒ	ዓ	ዔ	ዕ	ዖ

z	zu	zi	za	ze	zé	zo
ዘ	ዙ	ዚ	ዛ	ዜ	ዝ	ዞ

zh	zhu	zhi	zha	zhe	zhé	zho
ዠ	ዡ	ዢ	ዣ	ዤ	ዥ	ዦ

y	yu	yi	ya	ye	yé	yo
የ	ዩ	ዪ	ያ	ዬ	ይ	ዮ

Amharic Letters 26 – 30

d	du	di	da	de	dé	do
ደ	ዱ	ዲ	ዳ	ዴ	ድ	ዶ

dd	ddu	ddi	dda	dde	ddé	ddo
ዸ	ዹ	ዺ	ዻ	ዼ	ዽ	ዾ

j	ju	ji	ja	je	jé	jo
ጀ	ጁ	ጂ	ጃ	ጄ	ጅ	ጆ

g	gu	gi	ga	ge	gé	go
ገ	ጉ	ጊ	ጋ	ጌ	ግ	ጎ

gg	ggu	ggi	gga	gge	ggé	ggo
ጘ	ጙ	ጚ	ጛ	ጜ	ጝ	ጞ

Amharic Letters 31 – 37

t’	t’u	t’i	t’a	t’e	t’é	t’o
ጠ	ጡ	ጢ	ጣ	ጤ	ጥ	ጦ

ch’	ch’u	ch’i	ch’a	ch’e	ch’é	ch’o
ጨ	ጩ	ጪ	ጫ	ጬ	ጭ	ጮ

p’	p’u	p’i	p’a	p’e	p’é	p’o
ጰ	ጱ	ጲ	ጳ	ጴ	ጵ	ጶ

ts	tsu	tsi	tsa	tse	tsé	tso
ጸ	ጹ	ጺ	ጻ	ጼ	ጽ	ጾ

ss	ssu	ssi	ssa	sse	ssé	sso
ፀ	ፁ	ፂ	ፃ	ፄ	ፅ	ፆ

f	fu	fi	fa	fe	fé	fo
ፈ	ፉ	ፊ	ፋ	ፌ	ፍ	ፎ

p	pu	pi	pa	pe	pé	po
ፐ	ፑ	ፒ	ፓ	ፔ	ፕ	ፖ

Rare Amharic Letters

qw	qwi	qwa	qwe	qwé
ቈ	ቊ	ቋ	ቌ	ቍ

qhw	qhwi	qhwa	qhwe	qhwé
ቘ	ቚ	ቛ	ቜ	ቝ

hw	hwi	hwa	hwe	hwé
ኈ	ኊ	ኋ	ኌ	ኍ

kw	kwi	kwa	kwe	kwé
ኰ	ኲ	ኳ	ኴ	ኵ

k’w	k’wi	k’wa	k’we	k’wé
ዀ	ዂ	ዃ	ዄ	ዅ

gw	gwi	gwa	gwe	gwé
ጐ	ጒ	ጓ	ጔ	ጕ

Amharic letters with extra sounds

lwa	hhwa	mwa	szwa	rwa	swa	shwa	qoa
ሏ	ሗ	ሟ	ሧ	ሯ	ሷ	ሿ	ቇ
bwa	vwa	twa	cwa	h’wa	nwa	nywa	wa
ቧ	ቯ	ቷ	ቿ	ኇ	ኗ	ኟ	ኧ
kwa	zwa	zhwa	ywa	dwa	ddwa	jwa	gwa
ኯ	ዟ	ዧ	ዯ	ዷ	ዿ	ጇ	ጏ
ggwa	t’wa	ch’wa	p’wa	tswa	sswa	fwa	pwa
ጟ	ጧ	ጯ	ጷ	ጿ	ፇ	ፏ	ፗ

Amharic Punctuation

, (comma)	. (full stop/period)	; (semi-colon)	: (colon)	? (question mark)
፣	።	፤	፥	፧

Learning and practicing the Amharic alphabet online

While we did try to make this Amharic alphabet guide as comprehensive as possible, we understand that without interactive study and native audio, it’ll be difficult to remember most of them.

That’s why we recommend using an app or program that can help you drum them into your head.

Memrise: Amharic Fidäl ፊደል

This Amharic Memrise course is free and will teach you the 33 basic Amharic letters and their altered forms. The best part of this is that the lessons come with audio, so you’ll be able to hear the correct pronunciation of each letter.

YouTube: Amaregna Le Hulum – Amharic for All

Consider watching this YouTube video series that teaches the Amharic alphabet using colorful animations and native audio. This would be great for visual learners.

Typing in Amharic: The best Amharic keyboards

You’ll want a way to type in Amharic, and for that, you’ll need a special keyboard. We’ve put together a useful list of the best Amharic keyboards available online, on websites and on apps. You can check out our article Typing in Amharic: The Best Online Keyboards and Apps.